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# Authelia – SSO mit Passkey-Unterstützung
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**Zusammenfassung**: Authelia als ForwardAuth-Provider für Traefik. Ermöglicht Single Sign-On (SSO) für alle Dienste hinter Traefik – mit Passwort, Passkey (WebAuthn/FIDO2) oder beidem.
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**Status**: ✅ aktiv – Gitea-Login via OIDC funktioniert, Passkey-Config aktualisiert
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**Zuletzt aktualisiert**: 2026-06-19 (Live-Daten 21:30)
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---
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## Architektur
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```
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Browser ──HTTPS──▶ Traefik (:443)
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│
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▼ (ForwardAuth-Middleware)
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Authelia ───▶ Session-Check
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│
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┌───────┴──────────┐
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▼ ▼
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Unauthenticated Authenticated
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│ │
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Login-Seite Weiterleitung zum
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(auth.*) eigentlichen Dienst
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```
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- Authelia läuft als **eigener Docker-Container** im `traefik`-Netzwerk
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- Traefik fragt bei jedem Request via **ForwardAuth-Middleware** bei Authelia an:
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- „Ist dieser Benutzer eingeloggt und darf auf diese Domain?“
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- Bei **Nein** → Redirect zu `auth.da.home-webserver.de`
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- Bei **Ja** → Request geht zum eigentlichen Dienst
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- **Passkeys (WebAuthn)** werden von Authelia nativ unterstützt – als 2FA oder passwordless
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---
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## Stack: `/opt/compose/authelia/`
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### compose.yml
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```yaml
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services:
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authelia:
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image: authelia/authelia:latest
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container_name: authelia
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restart: unless-stopped
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networks:
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- traefik
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volumes:
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- ./config:/config
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environment:
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- TZ=Europe/Berlin
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networks:
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traefik:
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external: true
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```
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> **Hinweis**: Authelia wird **ohne** Traefik-Labels betrieben, damit es nicht sich selbst durch die ForwardAuth-Middleware blockiert. Stattdessen bekommt es eine eigene Route im File Provider.
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---
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## Konfiguration
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### `config/configuration.yml`
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```yaml
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###############################################################
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# Authelia Konfiguration (v4.39+)
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###############################################################
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# Server-Adresse (ersetzt host + port)
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server:
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address: tcp://0.0.0.0:9091
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# Logging
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log:
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level: info
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# Speicher – SQLite mit encryption_key (Pflicht seit v4.38)
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storage:
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encryption_key: <openssl rand -hex 32> # 32 Byte Hex für SQLite-Verschlüsselung
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local:
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path: /config/db.sqlite3
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# Authentifizierungs-Backend (file-basiert)
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authentication_backend:
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file:
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path: /config/users.yml
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password:
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algorithm: argon2id
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iterations: 3
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salt_length: 16
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parallelism: 4
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memory: 65536 # KiB = 64 MiB (muss mit CLI-Default übereinstimmen)
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# Passkey (WebAuthn) – Hauptfeature
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# Passwordless-Login ist automatisch aktiv, sobald ein Passkey registriert wurde
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webauthn:
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enable_passkey_login: true # Neue v4.39-Option
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attestation_conveyance_preference: 'direct' # Auf direct geändert (19.06.)
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filtering:
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prohibit_backup_eligibility: true
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metadata:
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enabled: true # Metadata-Validierung aktiv (19.06.)
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validate_trust_anchor: true
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validate_entry: true
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validate_status: true
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validate_entry_permit_zero_aaguid: false
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timeout: 60s
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display_name: RaspiPI5 Authelia
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# Zugriffsregeln
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access_control:
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default_policy: deny
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rules:
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- domain: "auth.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass
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- domain: "cloud.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass
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- domain: "office.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass
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- domain: "git.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass # Gitea: OIDC
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- domain: "traefik.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: two_factor
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- domain: "prometheus.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: two_factor
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- domain: "*.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: one_factor
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# Session-Konfiguration
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session:
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name: authelia_session
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secret: <openssl rand -hex 64>
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expiration: 8h
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inactivity: 2h
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remember_me: 30d
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cookies:
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- domain: da.home-webserver.de
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authelia_url: https://auth.da.home-webserver.de
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# Regulation – Schutz vor Brute-Force
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regulation:
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max_retries: 5
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find_time: 2m
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ban_time: 5m
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# 2FA (TOTP) – optional
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totp:
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issuer: RaspiPI5
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period: 30
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skew: 1
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# Notifier (Datei, da kein SMTP)
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notifier:
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filesystem:
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filename: /config/notifications.yml
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# Passwort-Reset
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identity_validation:
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reset_password:
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jwt_secret: <openssl rand -hex 64>
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```
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### `config/users.yml`
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```yaml
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users:
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dial:
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password: <bcrypt/argon2-hash>
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displayname: "Dial"
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email: dial-master@gmx.de
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groups:
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- admins
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```
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Passwort-Hash erzeugen:
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```bash
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# Argon2id-Hash generieren (Default-Variante)
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docker run --rm authelia/authelia:latest authelia crypto hash generate argon2 --password 'DeinPasswort'
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# Mit expliziter Variante (optional):
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# docker run --rm authelia/authelia:latest authelia crypto hash generate argon2 --variant argon2id --password 'DeinPasswort'
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```
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---
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## Traefik File Provider: Middleware
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### Neue Datei: `/opt/compose/traefik/conf.d/0020-authelia-middleware.yml`
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```yaml
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http:
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middlewares:
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# Standard-Auth-Middleware für alle Dienste
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chain-authelia:
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chain:
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middlewares:
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- security-headers
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- authelia-forwardauth
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authelia-forwardauth:
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forwardAuth:
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address: http://authelia:9091/api/verify?rd=https://auth.da.home-webserver.de/
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trustForwardHeader: true
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authResponseHeaders:
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- Remote-User
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- Remote-Groups
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- Remote-Name
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- Remote-Email
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```
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> Die Datei heißt `0020-` damit sie zwischen den globalen (`0000-`, `0010-`) und den Service-Routen (`0100-` …) einsortiert wird.
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---
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## Authelia-Route: `conf.d/0015-authelia-service.yml`
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Authelia selbst muss erreichbar sein, **ohne** durch ForwardAuth geschützt zu werden:
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```yaml
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http:
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routers:
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authelia:
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rule: "Host(`auth.da.home-webserver.de`)"
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entryPoints:
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- websecure
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service: authelia
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tls:
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certResolver: le
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services:
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authelia:
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loadBalancer:
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servers:
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- url: "http://authelia:9091"
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```
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---
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## Bestehende Routen anpassen
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### 1. `0100-traefik-dashboard.yml` – Dashboard & Admin-Dienste
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```yaml
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# Vorher:
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middlewares:
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- chain-secure-admin
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# Nachher:
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middlewares:
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- chain-authelia
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```
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### 2. Standard-App-Routen (`0110-nextcloud.yml`, `0120-paperless.yml`, usw.)
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In jeder Service-Route wird die Middleware ausgetauscht:
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| Route-Datei | Vorher | Nachher | |
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| ---------------------------- | -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | --- |
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| `0100-traefik-dashboard.yml` | `chain-secure-admin` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0110-nextcloud.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-nextcloud` *(bleibt – cloud.* ist auf `bypass`)* | |
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| `0120-paperless.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0130-immich.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0140-wikijs.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0150-stirling.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0160-plex.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0170-nginx.yml` | `chain-app-standard` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0500-jenkins.yml` | `chain-jenkins` | `chain-authelia` | |
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| `0510-gitea.yml` | – *(gar keine)* | `chain-authelia` | |
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**Beispiel** – vorher in `0120-paperless.yml`:
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```yaml
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middlewares:
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- chain-app-standard
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```
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**Nachher**:
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```yaml
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middlewares:
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- chain-authelia
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```
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### Achtung: Nextcloud & Collabora
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Nextcloud (`cloud.*`) und Collabora (`office.*`) sind in der `access_control`-Regel auf `bypass` gesetzt – sie werden von Authelia **übersprungen**, da Nextcloud seinen eigenen Login hat und Collabora nur als iFrame embedded wird.
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Trotzdem sollte die Middleware `chain-authelia` in der Route bleiben – Traefik leitet dann einfach durch, weil Authelia `bypass` zurückgibt.
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---
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## OIDC-Integration (SSO für Apps mit OIDC-Support)
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Authelia kann als **OpenID Connect (OIDC) Provider** dienen. Dienste wie Immich, Gitea und Wiki.js unterstützen OIDC nativ – dann loggst Du Dich direkt über Authelia in der jeweiligen App ein, ohne separates ForwardAuth.
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### Architektur (OIDC vs. ForwardAuth)
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| ForwardAuth (einfach) | OIDC (für Apps mit Support) |
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|---|---|
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| Traefik fragt Authelia bei jedem Request | App (z. B. Immich) leitet zur Anmeldung an Authelia weiter |
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| Für Dienste **ohne** eigenes Login-System | Für Dienste **mit** OIDC-Support |
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| Plex, Stirling PDF, Nginx | Immich, Gitea, Wiki.js, Grafana |
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### 1. Authelia als OIDC-Provider aktivieren
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In `/opt/compose/authelia/config/configuration.yml` ergänzen:
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```yaml
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# OIDC-Provider-Konfiguration
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identity_providers:
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oidc:
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hmac_secret: <openssl rand -hex 32>
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jwks: # ⚠️ In v4.39 heißt der Key `jwks`, NICHT `issuer_private_keys`!
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- key_id: rpid
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algorithm: RS256
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key: |
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-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
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<privater RSA-Key, siehe unten>
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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
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clients:
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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# Gitea
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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- id: gitea
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description: Gitea SSO
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secret: <openssl rand -hex 32>
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public: false
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authorization_policy: one_factor
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redirect_uris:
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- https://git.da.home-webserver.de/user/oauth2/authelia/callback
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- https://git.da.home-webserver.de/user/oauth2/Authelia/callback # Groß-/Kleinschreibung des Gitea-Provider-Namens!
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scopes:
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- openid
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- profile
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- email
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consent_mode: pre-configured # Zustimmung vorab erteilt (19.06.)
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pre_configured_consent_duration: '3 months'
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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# Immich
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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- id: immich
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description: Immich SSO
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secret: <openssl rand -hex 32>
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public: false
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authorization_policy: one_factor
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redirect_uris:
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- https://photos.da.home-webserver.de/auth/login
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- https://photos.da.home-webserver.de/oauth2/callback
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scopes:
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- openid
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- profile
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- email
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userinfo_signing_algorithm: RS256
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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# Wiki.js
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# ---------------------------------------------------------------
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- id: wikijs
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description: Wiki.js SSO
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secret: <openssl rand -hex 32>
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public: false
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authorization_policy: one_factor
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redirect_uris:
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- https://wiki.da.home-webserver.de/login
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scopes:
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- openid
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- profile
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- email
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```
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> **RSA-Key erzeugen**:
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> ```bash
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> openssl genrsa -out /tmp/private.pem 2048
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> # Den Inhalt von /tmp/private.pem in die configuration.yml einfügen
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> # ACHTUNG: Der Footer muss exakt `-----END PRIVATE KEY-----` (5 Striche) sein, nicht `----` (4 Striche)!
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> # Sonst kann Authelia den PEM-Block nicht parsen ("no PEM block was supplied or it was malformed").
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> ```
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> **Breaking Change in v4.39**:
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> - `issuer_private_keys` → `jwks` (wenn der alte Key verwendet wird, startet OIDC nicht)
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> - `id` → `client_id` (deprecated)
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> - `secret` → `client_secret` (deprecated)
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> - `description` → `client_name` (deprecated)
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> - Die Deprecation-Warnings sind aktuell noch funktional, werden aber in v5.0 entfernt.
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> **redirect_uri – Groß-/Kleinschreibung beachten**:
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> Gitea verwendet den **Namen der Authentication Source** als Teil des Callback-Pfads:
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> ```
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> /user/oauth2/<Provider-Name>/callback
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> ```
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> Wenn der Provider z. B. `Authelia` heißt, ist die Callback-URL:
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> ```
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> https://git.da.home-webserver.de/user/oauth2/Authelia/callback
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> ```
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> → Beide Varianten (`authelia` und `Authelia`) in den `redirect_uris` eintragen!
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> ✅ **Erledigt** auf dem Pi5 – funktioniert seit 21:10.
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### 2. Access-Rules anpassen
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Dienste mit OIDC brauchen **kein** ForwardAuth mehr – sie werden auf `bypass` gesetzt, weil die Authentifizierung direkt zwischen App und Authelia (OIDC) läuft:
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|
||||
```yaml
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access_control:
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default_policy: deny
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rules:
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- domain: "auth.da.home-webserver.de"
|
||||
policy: bypass
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||||
- domain: "cloud.da.home-webserver.de"
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||||
policy: bypass # Nextcloud: eigener Login
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||||
- domain: "office.da.home-webserver.de"
|
||||
policy: bypass # Collabora: iFrame
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||||
- domain: "git.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass # Gitea: OIDC ✅ aktiv
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- domain: "photos.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass # Immich: OIDC (geplant)
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||||
- domain: "wiki.da.home-webserver.de"
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policy: bypass # Wiki.js: OIDC (geplant)
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- domain: "traefik.da.home-webserver.de"
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||||
policy: two_factor # Admin: ForwardAuth (geplant)
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||||
- domain: "prometheus.da.home-webserver.de"
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||||
policy: two_factor # Admin: ForwardAuth (geplant)
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||||
- domain: "*.da.home-webserver.de"
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||||
policy: one_factor # Rest: ForwardAuth
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||||
```
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||||
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||||
### 3. App-Seitige Konfiguration
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||||
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||||
#### Immich (`.env`)
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||||
|
||||
```properties
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||||
# /opt/compose/immich/.env – ergänzen
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_ENABLED=true
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IMMICH_OIDC_ISSUER_URL=https://auth.da.home-webserver.de
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_CLIENT_ID=immich
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_CLIENT_SECRET=<gleicher secret wie in Authelia>
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_SCOPE=openid profile email
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_AUTO_REGISTER=true
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||||
IMMICH_OIDC_SIGNING_ALGORITHM=RS256
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||||
```
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||||
|
||||
Danach `docker compose down && docker compose up -d` auf dem Immich-Stack.
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||||
|
||||
#### Gitea (Web-UI)
|
||||
|
||||
1. Einstellungen → `https://git.da.home-webserver.de/admin/auths`
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||||
2. **"Add Authentication Source"**
|
||||
- Typ: **OAuth2**
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||||
- Name: `Authelia`
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||||
- Provider: **OpenID Connect**
|
||||
- Client ID: `gitea`
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||||
- Client Secret: `<gleicher secret wie in Authelia>`
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||||
- OpenID Connect Issuer URL: `https://auth.da.home-webserver.de`
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||||
3. Speichern
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wiki.js (Web-UI)
|
||||
|
||||
1. Einstellungen → **"Security"** → **"Authentication"**
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||||
2. **"Add Strategy"** → **"OpenID Connect / OAuth2"**
|
||||
3. Werte:
|
||||
- Client ID: `wikijs`
|
||||
- Client Secret: `<gleicher secret wie in Authelia>`
|
||||
- Authorization URL: `https://auth.da.home-webserver.de/api/oidc/authorization`
|
||||
- Token URL: `https://auth.da.home-webserver.de/api/oidc/token`
|
||||
- User Info URL: `https://auth.da.home-webserver.de/api/oidc/userinfo`
|
||||
- Issuer URL: `https://auth.da.home-webserver.de`
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Traefik-Middleware bei OIDC-Diensten entfernen
|
||||
|
||||
Dienste, die auf OIDC umgestellt sind, brauchen **keine** `chain-authelia`-Middleware mehr – andernfalls blockiert sich ForwardAuth und OIDC gegenseitig.
|
||||
|
||||
**In den conf.d-Dateien** die Middleware auf `bypass` setzen oder ganz entfernen:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
# /opt/compose/traefik/conf.d/0130-immich.yml
|
||||
# Vorher:
|
||||
# middlewares:
|
||||
# - chain-authelia
|
||||
|
||||
# Nachher: keine Middleware (Immich macht OIDC)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Übersicht: ForwardAuth vs. OIDC
|
||||
|
||||
| Dienst | Auth-Methode | Middleware in Traefik | policy in Authelia |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
| Traefik-Dashboard | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `two_factor` |
|
||||
| Prometheus | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `two_factor` |
|
||||
| Paperless | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `one_factor` |
|
||||
| Stirling PDF | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `one_factor` |
|
||||
| Plex | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `one_factor` |
|
||||
| Nginx | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `one_factor` |
|
||||
| Jenkins | ForwardAuth | `chain-authelia` | `one_factor` |
|
||||
| **Immich** | **OIDC** | **keine** | `bypass` |
|
||||
| **Gitea** | **OIDC** | **keine** | `bypass` |
|
||||
| **Wiki.js** | **OIDC** | **keine** | `bypass` |
|
||||
| Nextcloud | eigener Login | `chain-nextcloud` | `bypass` |
|
||||
| Collabora | iFrame-Bypass | `collabora-headers` | `bypass` |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Optional: `.htpasswd`-Auth entfernen
|
||||
|
||||
Sobald Authelia läuft, können diese Konfigurationen entfallen:
|
||||
- Admin-Benutzer aus `auth/.htpasswd`
|
||||
- Middleware `auth-admin` (Basic-Auth) in `0010-middlewares.yml`
|
||||
- Middleware-Chain `chain-secure-admin`
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Passkey-Registrierung (erster Benutzer)
|
||||
|
||||
1. **Authelia starten** → `docker compose up -d`
|
||||
2. **Erstmalig einloggen** unter `auth.da.home-webserver.de`
|
||||
3. Nach Login → **"Security"** → **"Register Security Key"** klicken
|
||||
4. Passkey via Touch ID / Windows Hello / YubiKey registrieren
|
||||
5. Ab sofort reicht beim Login **Benutzername + Passkey** (Passwort optional)
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Migrationsplan (Fortschritt)
|
||||
|
||||
| Schritt | Aktion | Status |
|
||||
| ------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------ |
|
||||
| 1 | Compose + Config bereitstellen | ✅ **erledigt** |
|
||||
| 2 | `0020-authelia-middleware.yml` + `0015-authelia-service.yml` anlegen | ✅ **erledigt** |
|
||||
| 3 | OIDC-Provider aktivieren (`jwks` statt `issuer_private_keys`) | ✅ **erledigt** (20:01, 18.06.) |
|
||||
| 4 | Gitea OIDC-Auth-Source einrichten | ✅ **erledigt** (Login funktioniert) |
|
||||
| 5 | Stirling PDF als ersten Dienst via ForwardAuth schützen | ✅ **erledigt** (`chain-authelia` aktiv) |
|
||||
| 6 | WebAuthn-Passkey-Config überarbeitet (direct attestation + metadata) | ✅ **erledigt** (19.06.) |
|
||||
| 7 | OIDC consent_mode auf pre-configured gesetzt | ✅ **erledigt** (19.06.) |
|
||||
| 8 | Immich OIDC konfigurieren | ⏳ geplant |
|
||||
| 9 | Wiki.js OIDC konfigurieren | ⏳ geplant |
|
||||
| 10 | Traefik-Dashboard, Prometheus auf ForwardAuth umstellen | ⏳ geplant |
|
||||
| 11 | Paperless, Plex, Nginx, Jenkins auf ForwardAuth umstellen | ⏳ geplant |
|
||||
| 12 | `.htpasswd` und `auth-admin` entfernen | ⏳ geplant |
|
||||
|
||||
### Aktuelle Routing-Übersicht (Live vom 18.06., 20:00)
|
||||
|
||||
| Dienst | Route | Auth-Methode | Status |
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
| Authelia (Portal) | `auth.*` | keine (bypass) | ✅ |
|
||||
| Nextcloud | `cloud.*` | kein Auth (bypass) | ✅ |
|
||||
| Collabora | `office.*` | kein Auth (bypass) | ✅ |
|
||||
| Gitea | `git.*` | OIDC (ohne Middleware) | 🔄 Gitea-WebUI-Konfiguration ausstehend |
|
||||
| Stirling PDF | `pdf.*` | ForwardAuth (`chain-authelia`) | ✅ |
|
||||
| Immich | `photos.*` | `chain-app-standard` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Wiki.js | `wiki.*` | `chain-app-standard` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Paperless | `paperless.*` | `chain-app-standard` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Plex | `music.*` | `chain-app-standard` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Nginx | `web.*` | `chain-app-standard` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Jenkins | `jenkins.*` | `chain-jenkins` (offen) | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Traefik Dashboard | `traefik.*` | Basic-Auth | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Prometheus | `prometheus.*` | Basic-Auth | ⏳ |
|
||||
| Grafana | `grafana.*` | Grafana-intern | – |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Backup / Wiederherstellung
|
||||
|
||||
Das SQLite-DB enthält alle Benutzer-Sessions und registrierte Passkeys:
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
# Sichern
|
||||
cp /opt/compose/authelia/config/db.sqlite3 /backup/authelia-db.sqlite3
|
||||
|
||||
# Wiederherstellen
|
||||
cp /backup/authelia-db.sqlite3 /opt/compose/authelia/config/db.sqlite3
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Die Users-Datei und Config sind YAML – ideal für Git-Versionierung.
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Ressourcenverbrauch (geschätzt)
|
||||
|
||||
| Metrik | Wert |
|
||||
|---|---|
|
||||
| RAM | ~50–80 MB |
|
||||
| CPU | vernachlässigbar (Go-Binary) |
|
||||
| Speicher | ~50 MB (SQLite + Config) |
|
||||
| Image-Größe | ~75 MB (linux/arm64) |
|
||||
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Verwandte Seiten
|
||||
|
||||
- [traefik](./traefik.md) – Reverse-Proxy-Grundkonfiguration
|
||||
- [docker-services](../docker-services.md) – Alle Dienste im Überblick
|
||||
- [Authelia Dokumentation](https://www.authelia.com/configuration/)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user